New York Tenant-Landlord Law

by ebizdir · Published January 30, 2023 · Updated April 3, 2024

Federated state of the Northeastern USA, 127,190 km², 19,306,183 residents (2006 estimate), 152 residents/km², capital: Albany. Borders: Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut (E), New Jersey and Atlantic Ocean (SE), Pennsylvania (S, SW); Canada (N, W).

State Overview

The landscape has a great variety of aspects, as the region is located at the meeting point between the Canadian Shield (Adirondack mountains, culminating at 1629 m in Mount Marcy, the highest elevation of the state), the Appalachian mountain system (here divided between the mountains of New England and the Alleghenies from the Hudson River) and the Atlantic coast, reduced to island strips, just detached from the mainland, such as Long Island and Staten Island. The flat areas, in addition to the aforementioned islands, correspond to the Atlantic coastal strip, the S plain of Lake Ontario and along the right bank of the St. Lawrence River, and the wide valleys of the Hudson and Mohawk rivers. The main rivers, in addition to the aforementioned Hudson, Mohawk and San Lorenzo, are Niagara, Susquehanna, Delaware, Black River and Raquette; the most important lakes are Erie, Ontario and Champlain, on the edge of the state, which is home to other minor ones such as Onida, Cayuga, the Seneca and the George. Economic resources are agriculture (cereals, vegetables, fruit, fodder), breeding (cattle, sheep, pigs, poultry), fishing, exploitation of the subsoil (rock salt, lead, zinc, natural gas, oil, talc, ilmenite, building materials) and above all the industry which, favored by the availability or easy supply of raw materials, fuels and electricity and by the presence of large cities, is active in the food, textile, clothing, chemical sectors, mechanic, electrical engineer, paper and graphic designer. Important cities, in addition to the capital, are New York, Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, Yonkers, Utica,Niagara Falls, New Rochelle, Mount Vernon, Schenectady.

History

The region that now forms New York State was first touched by Giovanni da Verrazano, who in 1524 entered New York Bay; but it was only from 1609 that the exploration and then the colonization began, with the arrival, in that year, of the French Champlain (who discovered the lake that takes his name) and the English H. Hudson, at the service of the Dutch, who went up the river then called with its name, up to the current Albany. The region was home to a powerful confederation of Indian tribes, known to the French as Iroquois and to the English as the Five (then Six) Nations, which for years, reaching their maximum power around 1700, kept the balance between French and English. Meanwhile, at the beginning of the third decade of the century. XVII, New Holland was born on the coast, which in 1664 was conquered by the British and changed its name to New York. Under the British government the colony of New York developed economically, territorially (it advanced to W thanks to the alliance with the Iroquois) and also politically (institution of a Legislative Assembly at the end of the 17th century). During the sec. XVIII the Assembly asserted itself more and more with respect to the power of the governor representing the crown; at the time of the revolution, however, the spirits were divided, given that many of the great landowners, albeit of patriotic sentiments, they were “loyalists”. Theater of important battles (Long Island, 1776; Saratoga, 1777) during the war of independence, New York became a state, moving its capital from New York to Albany in 1797. The development of New York has been rapid and grandiose, not least due to the city of New York. In 1810 it was the most populous state in the USA and remained so until 1963, when California passed it. In 1827 slavery was abolished and then, in the premises and conduct of the civil war, New York was one of the cornerstones of the anti-slavery cause. Respectively, since the victory of the North, New York gained further impetus to its economic development, uninterrupted until today. Politically, apart from the contrast between the democratic city of New York and the internal agricultural part of the republican state, New York has always had more than significant weight in the events of the USA, especially for the election of the president.Grover Cleveland, Th. Roosevelt and FD Roosevelt, all three elected presidents of the United States while in office in Albany.

Albany (New York)

City (94,305 residents in 1998; 878,527 residents the metropolitan area with the cities of Schenectady and Troy), capital of the State of New York (USA), on the right of the Hudson River, 200 km N of New York. Located at the intersection of important railway and road communication routes that link Montréal, Buffalo and Boston to New York, with a good river port, connected via the Hudson River and some canals to the Great Lakes and San Lorenzo, is an active commercial center (cereals, oil, timber), with food, mechanical, chemical and petrochemical, clothing, wood, graphic and editorial industries. It is home to several museums and the New York State University. § Founded by the Dutch in 1624 with the name of Fort Nassau, it passed in 1664 under the dominion of the British who renamed it Albany. Both during the colonial period (a congress was held there in 1754) and after independence, Albany exerted a significant influence on the political life of the United States. It has been the capital of New York State since 1797.

Below you will see top cities in New York.

Schenectady

City (78,000 residents) of New York State (USA), 250 km N of New York, 70 m on the Mohawk River and on the Barge Canal. Railway junction with large electrical engineering, mechanical and graphic publishing industries. University. Atomic research laboratory.

Mount Vernon

City (66,700 residents) of the State of New York (USA), in the northeastern sector of the urban agglomeration of New York, N of Bronx, on the northern shore of the Long Island Strait. It is home to the chemical, pharmaceutical and electrotechnical industries and to important graphic-editorial complexes.

New Rochelle

City (67,300 residents) of New York State (USA), on the northeastern outskirts of New York, on the northern shore of Long Island Sound. Residential center with electrotechnical, pharmaceutical and graphic industries.

Niagara Falls (USA)

City (61,800 residents) of New York State (USA), 30 km NNW of Buffalo, 180 m on the right of the Niagara River, which forms the homonymous waterfalls here, in front of the Canadian city of Niagara Falls. Known tourist center, it is home to electrochemical, electrometallurgical, mechanical, chemical and electronic industries, whose development has been favored by the wide availability of hydroelectric energy. Niagara University (1856). Airport.

Utica (New York State)

City (68,600 residents) of New York State (USA), 130 km WNW of Albany, on the Mohawk River, 126 m at the foot of the southern slope of the Adirondack Mountains. Located on the Boston-Buffalo railway, it is an active agricultural market with metalworking, textile and electrical engineering industries. University. Airport.

Syracuse

City (155,865 residents; 745,691 residents the metropolitan area in 1996) of the State of New York (USA), 230 km E of Buffalo, 120 m on the Barge Canal, S of Lake Oneida. Important railway junction and river port, it is home to iron and steel, metalworking, chemical, electronic, glass, optical instruments and furniture industries. University (1870). Airport.

Rochester (New York)

City (221,594 residents; 1,088,037 residents the metropolitan area in 1996) of New York State (USA), 100 km ENE of Buffalo, 157 m on the Genesee River, near the southern shore of Lake Ontario. Third largest city in the state by population after New York and Buffalo, it is an active commercial and industrial center on the Erie canal, home to some famous factories for the manufacture of optical instruments and photographic equipment; other industries operate in the food, chemical, textile, mechanical and furniture sectors. Rochester is also a remarkable cultural center, home to a university (1850) and an Institute of Technology (1829). To George Eastman, the inventor and industrialist who lived and died in the city, various cultural institutions are named, including the Eastman House, an important cinema museum. Airport.

Buffalo

City (300,717 residents in 1998; 1,165,000 residents the metropolitan area in 1997) of the State of New York (USA), near the Canadian border. Located 178 m at the northeastern end of Lake Erie, at the beginning of the Niagara River, and terminal port of the Barge Canal, is connected to New York, which is 680 km away, via a highway, fast rail and air lines and a dense network of canals, and to Fort Erie, Canada, via a bridge over the Niagara River. Founded in 1803 by Joseph Ellicott on behalf of the Holland Land Company under the name of New Amsterdam, it soon took on its current name, with allusion to the large amount of buffaloes present in the region. Destroyed during the Anglo-American war, it was rebuilt at the same time as the opening works of the Erie Canal (1825) and its population began to grow mainly following the great waves of immigration from Europe in the early decades of the twentieth century. The city, which is now the second largest in the state and incorporated, after 1940, the centers of Lackawanna in W, Hamburg S and North Tonawanda N, has a regular layout with radial roads that branch off from the center. A large cereal harvest market, Buffalo has gigantic silos and numerous mill plants. The abundance of water energy, due to the proximity of the imposing Niagara Falls, has also favored the development of thriving chemical, electrotechnical, iron and steel, mechanical, shipbuilding and food industries. Its port is one of the most active in the country and its importance has rapidly increased with the completion (1959) of the waterway of the it then favored the development of thriving chemical, electrotechnical, iron and steel, mechanical, shipbuilding and food industries. Its port is one of the most active in the country and its importance has rapidly increased with the completion (1959) of the waterway of the it then favored the development of thriving chemical, electrotechnical, iron and steel, mechanical, shipbuilding and food industries. Its port is one of the most active in the country and its importance has rapidly increased with the completion (1959) of the waterway of the San Lorenzo. International airport. It is home to universities. Among the museums are the Albright Knox Art Gallery (collections of European and American paintings and sculptures) and the Buffalo Museum of Science.

New York (city)

City of New York (United States), 8,405,837 residents (2013), 19,949,502 residents (2013) the urban area.

Extended for 800 km² in the south-eastern sector of the homonymous state, forms the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island conurbation; it is the most populous metropolis in the United States and is also a financial, insurance, industrial, commercial, tourist, cultural, religious, administrative and political center of the utmost importance. It is known all over the world with the name of Big Apple, pseudonym coined in 1920 by the sports journalist John J. Fitz Gerald to indicate the hippodrome of the city and subsequently used by Charles Gillet in 1971 for a campaign to promote the city. Considered the real beating heart of the USA, the city owes its grandiose development to the happy geographical position in one of the most sheltered and articulated inlets of North America, a natural landing place for colonists who came from Europe, as well as an easy way of penetrating inwards. Also thanks to the tourism sector, New York is experiencing a period of flourishing economic revival following a long recession following the events of 11 September 2001, when the city was the subject of the violent terrorist attack that caused the collapse of the two skyscrapers of the World Trade Center. The project for the reconstruction of the area, on the site which was called Ground Zero, was entrusted to the architect D. Libeskind and has foreseen the elevation of new buildings, including in particular the One World Trade Center, called Freedom Tower, 541 m high and completed at the end of 2014. Not far away is the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, a collection of images and finds in memory of the tragic events. Seat of the UN, the city is an important cultural center, with 7 universities (Columbia University, 1754; New York University, 1831; Fordham University, 1841; Cooper Union, 1859; Yeshiva University, 1886; Barnard College, 1889; The New School, 1919), numerous colleges, museums, libraries and foundations.

Founded in 1626 by Dutch settlers on the southern tip of the island of Manhattan, purchased by the Indians for compensation for goods, it was called New Amsterdam and until 1664 it was the capital of New Holland. The British, who boasted ancient rights, snatched it from the Dutch, lost it (1673), definitively regained it in 1674 giving it its current name. In the sec. XVIII the city became a first-rate merchant and maritime center and developed extraordinarily: in 1768 the Chamber of Commerce was established and in 1792 the Stock Exchange. The opening, in 1827, of the Erie canal put it in communication with the Great Lakes, while, shortly after (1832), the New York- Harlem railway line was inaugurated. But the enormous urban development of the city began around 1860, when a systematic influx of overseas emigrants was joined by a substantial emigration also from within; in 1898 the neighborhoods Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, Bronx and Staten Island united to form New York City.

Little remains of the original Dutch colony and the subsequent English colonial period (1664-1716). The oldest building in New York is the St. Paul’s Chapel on Broadway, begun in 1764 by Th. McBean on the model of the Londoner St. Martin-in-the-Fields; the porch and the spire are by P.-Ch. L’Enfant (1794-96). Then there is the series of neo-Gothic churches, including the Trinity Church, by R. Upjohn (1840-46); Grace Church (1846-47) and St. Patrick’s Cathedral (1853-79) by J. Renwick. In the field of civil architecture, the Town Hall (City Hall, 1803), in Louis XVI style, and the neoclassical Customs House (now Sub-Treasury) of 1834-42 are mentioned. In the second half of the nineteenth century and in the first decades of the twentieth century theNeo-Gothic continued to be widely used in religious architecture (as in the buildings of the architect Goodhue, including St. Vincent Ferrer, St. Thomas, 1913), together with the neo-Moorish (central synagogue, by H. Fernbach, 1872), in the neo-Romanesque (project of the cathedral of St. John-the-Divine, 1891, however made in English Gothic style in 1911-30 by Cram and Ferguson), to the neo-Renaissance and monumental neoclassical, in which the McKim, Mead and White group was produced (Villard Houses, 1885; Morgan Library, 1902; Century Club, 1890; Pennsylvania Station; Metropolitan Museum etc.). In this prevalence of “historical” styles, the Brooklyn Bridge by J. Roebling stands out as a work of good engineering(1883). With the beginning of the twentieth century the phase of skyscrapers began (Flat Iron Building, by DH Burnham, 1902; Singer Building and Tower, by E. Flagg, 1908; Woolworth Building, by Cass Gilbert, 1911-13), all more or less “Ennobled” by classic or gothic elements, according to the tendency of the American architects of the time (far from the novelty of LH Sullivan ‘s language) to connect to the European tradition. However, the RM Hood skyscrapers (American Radiator Building, 1924; Daily News Building, 1930), although distinctly neo-Gothic, are already beginning to suffer from the simplifications of the international style imported by European architects (such as Eliel Saarinen and Mies van der Rohe). The Rockefeller Center (1931-40) represents the first attempt to solve the problem of the relationship between skyscraper and surrounding structures. The international style was clearly established after the Second World War, especially in the works of foreign architects (Municipal Asphalt Plant, by EJ Kahn and RA Jacobs, 1944; Idlewild Airport Terminal, by Eero Saarinen, 1948-61; United Nations buildings, including the Secretariat Tower of Le Corbusier and Niemeyer, 1950; Chase Manhattan Bank, 1959-60; Seagram Building, by Mies van der Rohe and Ph. Johnson, 1956-57; etc.). Today New York presents new buildings whose projects have been realized using the most modern computer means (Astor Place, by Charles Gwathmey and Robert Siegel, 2005; Perry Street Towers, by Richard Meier, 2002; Time Warner Center, by Louis Skidmore, Nathaniel Owings and John O. Merrill, 2004). In this context, the expansion works of the MoMA are to be mentioned (Yoshio Taniguchi, 2004). For 2012, the reconstruction of the World Trade Center area is expected to be completed, with five new skyscrapers.

In addition to the Metropolitan Museum, New York has many other important artistic, historical and ethnographic museums. The Museum of Modern Art (the so-called MoMA), recently expanded on a project by Yoshio Taniguchi: includes sections of American and European architecture and design, photography, cinema, painting and sculpture of the sec. XIX and XX, drawings and prints. The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, born in 1937 with the aim of collecting works of modern non-figurative art (its original name was in fact Museum of Non Objective Painting) and housed in 1959 in a FL Wright building(subjected to an important restoration at the turn of the nineties at the turn of the new century), it includes ca. 4000 works of European and American painting and sculpture. There is no shortage of paintings by the masters who prepare the overcoming of naturalism (Cézanne, Chagall, Modigliani, etc.), but more numerous are precisely the cubist and abstract works (paintings by Picasso, Braque, Malevič, Metzinger, in addition to the major American collections of works by Léger, Kandinskij and Marc; paintings by Kokoschka, Klee, Moholy-Nagy, Mondrian, Van Doesburg, Miró; sculptures by Calder, Arp, Brâncusi, Archipenko, Giacometti, Moore). The Cooper-Hewitt Museum includes sections of applied art (ceramics, glass, furniture, fabrics) and a cabinet of prints and drawings, especially Italian, from private donations. The Whitney Museum of American Art (1930) is dedicated to modern American painting and sculpture. The Hunting Hartford Museum is also dedicated to contemporary art. In 1935 the Frick Collection was opened to the public, which collects European paintings from the century. XIV to XIX. Founded by Henry Clay Frick, industrialist from Pittsburgh, the collection houses remarkable works of Italian art (Giovanni Bellini, San Francesco in ecstasy; Bronzino, Lodovico Capponi; Titian, Portrait of a young man in fur), French (G. de La Tour; Boucher, Le arti e le science, eight canvases commissioned by Madame Pompadour; Chardin; Fragonard, The progress of love, series of panels commissioned by Madame du Barry, Ingres), Flemish (numerous portraits ofvan Dyck), Dutch (Hals, Rembrandt, Vermeer), Spanish (El Greco, Velázquez, Goya), 18th century English XVIII (exceptional group of portraits of Reynolds, Romney, Hogarth, Lawrence, Gainsborough), American (portraits of Whistler). The Museum of the City of New York (1926) is a historical and documentary museum of the city (paintings, prints, documents, folk and decorative art). The National Museum of the American Indian (since 1994 in the new headquarters of the Custom House) is the most important in the world as regards the ethnology and ethnography of the Indians of North, Central and South America. The American Museum of Natural History houses an important collection of documents from the cultural area of Northwest North America. The Museum of Primitive Art (1954) is dedicated to African, Pre-Columbian, prehistoric European and Asian art from the Pacific Ocean. In the Brooklyn neighborhood is the Brooklyn Museum (built in 1897, but the subject of an important expansion in 1990) which includes sections of Egyptian, Middle Eastern, pre-Columbian art; of primitive and oriental art and ethnography; medieval and renaissance european painting; of American painting and decorative art of the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries.

New York has a dense network of small and medium-sized libraries, mostly highly specialized, including the Pierpont Morgan Library. Among the large general libraries, the universities of City College and Columbia University should be mentioned; but the largest is the New York Public Library, founded in 1895, which has more than 10 million volumes distributed in various specialist departments.

There are traces of theatrical activities isolated since the beginning of the century. XVIII and the names of theaters have been known since 1750, but it is only in 1767 with the opening of the John Street Theater that the city began to acquire a certain theatrical importance. John Street was followed in 1789 by the Park, which, thanks above all to the management of Stephen Price, quickly acquired great prestige, writing famous English actors and hosting the first indigenous stars. By this time New York had now won the Philadelphia competition and it had become the undisputed capital of American entertainment. Other theaters soon joined the Park: Chatham Garden, Lafayette and Bowery and in 1833 the Italian Opera House, later replaced by the Astor Place Opera House and the Academy of Music which remained the city’s greatest opera house until the opening of the Metropolitan (1883). The show was becoming a big industry. The theaters (more and more comfortable and always better technically equipped) continued to multiply for a whole century: they were 43 in 1900, 68 in 1926, 80 in 1928. At the time of the actor-impresario, who continued to present year after year the his workhorses with much Shakespeare and some melodrama, and that of the ensemble company, with a repertoire chosen according to the actors, followed, starting from the last decades of the nineteenth century, the era of the producer who bought comedies likely destined for success, he wrote actors, possibly with personalities divistica, to recite them, dedicated a lot of care to the preparation and aimed at a large number of replicas to recover the initial investment and make a profit. This was the Broadway theater(the name of the artery on which and around which almost all the rooms are located), which has continued with mixed success until today, despite the serious crises caused first by sound cinema and then by television, which drastically decreased the number of theaters and determined the concentration of spectators on a limited number of very successful shows, condemning all other initiatives to failure. But the history of the New York theater in the sec. XX isn’t just about effective consumer comedies, great Ziegfeld magazines or the high professionalism of musicals; on Broadway, people continued to react in the name of an adverse conception of theater. Between 1915 and 1916, two important groups were formed off Broadway, the Washington Square Players who then formed the Theater Guild, the production organization of the highest artistic level between the two wars, and the Provincetown Players who discovered and imposed the E. O’Neill’s talent. In the thirties, in the midst of depression, politically engaged groups multiplied, the most important of which, the Group Theater, however, carried out all its activities in Broadway theaters; in the 1950s the so – called ” off-Broadway ” theaters acquired importance and importance”Which presented, with much more limited budgets, commercially more risky, indigenous and foreign texts; finally in the sixties the phenomenon of ” off-off-Broadway ” was established, a term with which myriads of groups are defined (among which the Living Theater, the Open Theater, the Bread and Puppet Theater) which, often acting in spaces not primarily theatrical, they have carried out and carry out avant-garde activities completely outside the norms of commercial theater.

Already in 1763 instrumental and choral concerts were held in New York; music companies performed pages by Haydn and Händel, hymns and choirs, sometimes signed by the first local composers (James Hewitt, Benjamin Carr). Also popular were the ballad operas, on the English model (The Beggar’s Opera). The custom of summer concerts in the gardens spread from 1800: miscellany of songs sung and played, solos and duets. The first work represented (by an Italian company) was The Barber of Seville (1825); since then New York became a must for tours.Symphonic concerts with European orchestras were held there since 1840, and the local Philarmonic Society was established in 1842. In New York, virtuosos such as the soprano Jenny Lind (1850), the pianists Louis M. Gottschalk and Anton Rubinstein (who introduced the solo recitals there), the violinist Ole Bull. Then there was the light musical theater, from the minstrel show to burlesque, to the operetta; in 1866, with The Black Crook, the musical comedy was born, which flourished on the avenue of theaters, Broadway. Since 1900, with the vogue of ragtime, the music publishing centered on a street, Tin Pan Alley, and soon it became an industry, capable of churning out songs for the press, theater, disc and piano. It was fertilized by the inventions of the great black masters of ragtime, blues and jazz: however, they remained on the margins, exploited, and popular only in the ghetto (see Harlem). In the flood of white light music that came out of Tin Pan Alley, great songwriters stood out, such as Jerome Kern, Irving Berlin, George Gershwin, Cole Porter, Hoagy Carmichael, Harold Arlen, Richard Rodgers. From 1920 the song turned to jazz and circulated on the records of dance orchestras, such as that of Paul Whiteman, the creator of “symphonic jazz”. An original school of white jazz (“New York jazz”) was formed, more tenuous, playful and chamber music than Harlem’s black jazz: Red Nichols, Eddie Lang, Joe Venuti stood out. The 1929 Crisis seemed to nip Tin Pan Alley; but it flourished again in the swing period (1935-45), thanks also to radio and sound cinema, which made the orchestras of Benny Goodman or Glenn Miller famous. The swing of complessini focused instead on the 52 ^but road, which opened nightclubs. In 1938, a concert at Carnegie Hall kicked off therevival of traditional jazz and folk that settled in Greenwich Village, the area of the artists. At the same time, New York saw the arrival of European composers and performers who had fled or exiled from their respective dictatorships (Stravinskij, Hindemith, Bartók, Schönberg, Milhaud, Toscanini, Szigeti). In 1945 the bebop exploded in New York, which soon buried the now repetitive swing; but the audience and Tin Pan Alley rejected it, preferring to cling to the melodic song (Frank Sinatra). The 52 ^maStrada emptied; However, New York remained the capital of jazz thanks to the many clubs scattered everywhere, such as Birdland; and such has remained, with ups and downs, until today. The 1950s also saw the bright sunset of Broadway, which has since survived itself. The song industry was renewed, however, with rock and roll, Southern music, which spread mainly thanks to TV. Although rock has flourished elsewhere, with it New York has consolidated its role as leader of the music industry, now a global role. Indeed, it has become a crossroads of music – eurocolta, jazz, rock, folk – which generates new hybrids (Third Stream Music, jazz- rock) and contacts between different arts (such as between the rock group Velvet Underground and the master of pop art Andy Warhol). Hence the double-faced face of New York, a mecca for the multimedia avant-garde but also for the consensus industry. The liveliness of the scene is also favored by structures such as the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts (1966), which with its concert halls, theaters and libraries is the largest complex of its kind in the world. Recently, however, with the economic crisis, New York has become the backdrop for decisions made elsewhere. The influx of immigrants from all over the world then generated a fierce collective conflict, with the consequent tendency towards a regressive isolation whose rap, the angry music of the black ghetto, is a manifestation of it.

The first traces of the art that will contribute to transform New York into one of the world capitals of the show go back to the first decades of the century. XVIII (1739), when an English dance teacher, such Holt, performed for the first time on an evening of dance. In the following decades several appearances of dancers from Europe followed and towards the end of the century (1785) the activity of what is considered the first professional American dancer, John Durang, is documented. Between the end of the century. XVIII and early XIX the Park Theater stands out as a theater with its own regular ballet activity, so as to engage as a maître de balleta certain Claude Labassé (1821), coming from the Teatro alla Scala in Milan. Numerous overseas stars landed in New York: in 1828 Charles Vestris arrived from Naples. In the 1940s, Fanny Elssler achieved numerous successes in New York, and even the very young Enrico Cecchetti landed there (1858), following a large troupe of European artists of which his parents were part. The staging, in those years, of some of the most successful titles in the contemporary European repertoire, such as La Sylphide (Park Theater, 1835), Giselle (starring Augusta Maywood, 1846), Sylvia(1886), testify to the remarkable degree of updating of the New York scene, compared to the best European production. On the other hand, the success of the so-called extravaganzas on the model of The Black Crook (1866), which mixed music, dances, folklore, singing and ballet numbers and elements of popular culture and the nascent African-American tradition, also testify to the nascent creative autonomy of the city culture, which will lead to the development of indigenous genres, distinct from the European tradition, such as modern dance (established since the first decade of the 20th century thanks to the work of pioneers such as Isadora Duncan, Ruth St. Denis, Martha Graham,Doris Humprey, and flourished uninterrupted to the present day thanks to the work of school heads such as Alwin Nikolais, José Limón, Anna Sokolov, Merce Cunningham, Trisha Brown, Twyla Tharp) and the musical, another genuine product of American culture, which has triumphed before in the big Broadway theaters and then in the cinema. With regard to the ballet, beyond an almost constant update (the first appearance of Pavlova is 1910, the Ballets Russes of Djagilev debuted in New York in 1916) the city, today one of the undisputed capitals of the international ballet scene, did not have, until the thirties, a professional company. In 1934 Lincoln E. Kirstein and George Balanchine created the American Ballet, the first of the attempts from which the New York City Ballet was to evolve. In 1937 Michail Mordkin gave birth to the Mordkin Ballet, formed not only by some professional elements of European origin, but also by some of the best elements of his school. In 1940 Lucia Chase, collecting a nucleus from the Mordkin Ballet, created the Ballet Theater (today American Ballet Theater). It is only after the Second World War, however, that ballet activity has undergone enormous development and has enjoyed increasing popularity, flanking and ending up surpassing the activity of the depository companies of the American tradition of modern dance, which also remain an expression fundamental of New York choreographic creativity. New prestigious ballet companies have joined the two main ones (among them the Joffrey Ballet, the Dance Theater of Harlem, the Elliot Feld Ballet), while on the modern dance frontthe companies of the pioneers and leaders of the 1940s were joined by those of the protagonists of the postmodern wave of the 1960s and 1970s and a myriad of groups that continuously feed the most vital fringes of the avant-garde not only choreographed. Among the musicals Broadway and off Broadway’s most famous in the world, from New York began its proceedings, remember West Side Story (Winter Garder Theater, 1957); Hair (public theater debut, 1967); Cats (Winter Garden Theater, 1982, although the first happened in London); A Chorus Line (Shubert Theater, 1975).

The industries of New York mainly produce consumer goods. Located mainly in the districts of Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Staten Island (Manhattan is above all a large residential district), they are particularly active in the mechanical, precision mechanics, graphic-editorial, tanning, textile, clothing, food, chemical sectors. pharmaceutical, jewelery and plastic materials. The port of the city, whose plants extend for 1215 km (800 km in the city of New York) counting over 2000 piers, has an extensive traffic of goods (export of wheat, cars, fabrics, tobacco, products of the mechanical and chemical industries, food, paper; import of oil, sugar, oilseeds, wood pulp, cocoa, coffee, rubber, copper, spices, fruit etc.). New Orleans, while the urban districts are connected to each other through numerous bridges, from 5 tunnels that pass under the Hudson River and the East River, from ferry-boats and from an underground network of approx. 1055 km. New York is an important airport, both for internal traffic (LaGuardia Airport) and for international traffic (John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport) and is also served by 4 heliports.

Over the year, New York hosts around 50 official events and over 400 street parties. The celebrations of Times Square on the occasion of the New Year are to be counted among the most famous celebrations in the world. On January 5, the Three Kings Parade is held, where thousands of children ride the Fifth Avenue riding sheep, camels and donkeys in tribute to the Three Kings. Fifth Avenue is still the scene of the St Patrick’s Day Parade, which is held every year on March 17th, on the occasion of St. Patrick’s Day, patron of the Irish (a very large community in the city). In June, on the occasion of the Shakespeare in the Park festival, Central Park turns into a suggestive open-air stage on which many famous actors gather to play.

N.Y. – Lower Manhattan Loft Tenants, Hood, Law and LMLT

Regional group offers a background of its actions and relevant legislative developments affecting its community. Link to organization specifics.

Website: http://www.lmlt.org/linkind.html

N.Y. – Ohio Landlord-Tenant Law

Legal info clearinghouse maintains this index of organizations, manuals, commentary and services well-versed in the specific body of law.

Website: http://www.ohiolandlordtenant.com/ny.html

N.Y. – Resources for Renters

Distributes contact information, email addresses and links to associations, services and information aimed at the state’s renting populace.

Website: http://directory.tenantsunion.org/new_york.html

N.Y. – Rights of N.Y. City Housing Authority Tenants

Tutorial article from one attorney outlines and explains the oft-overlooked legal rights and responsibilities of these city residents. Has a FAQ.

Website: http://www.nylj.com/links/nycha.html